The concept of a multifunctional first aid service based on the content analysis of public web resources
https://doi.org/10.25881/18110193_2023_2_42
Abstract
Background. The current level of digitalization of society determines the feasibility of developing effective web tools designed to expand the contingent of people who are motivated and ready to provide first aid. The purpose of the study is to develop a conceptual model of a multifunctional first aid web service based on an analysis of open web resources on first aid.
Materials and methods. In November-December 2022, 30 English-language and 30 Russian-language web resources on first aid were selected by the keywords “first aid” in Russian and English in the Google search engine. A structured content analysis of selected web resources was carried out according to 78 features distributed over 10 checklists.
Results. The content of the web resources contained functions of first aid training (42%), first aid promotion (50%) and first aid counseling (60%). Text materials (95%) and pictures (52%) prevailed in the web resources, new digital solutions were rarely used (18%), the content often did not meet the requirements of digital accessibility (87%). Less than 17% of the web resources matched the definition of a first aid web service. Based on the analysis performed, a model of a multifunctional first aid web service was built. The model includes the following modules: interface customization; information and methodological materials; counseling and prompt assistance; promotion and popularization; training. According to the concept of the model, user interaction with a web service can be: synchronous or asynchronous; autonomous or interactive; involving a person or a software.
Conclusion. The conceptual model of a multifunctional first aid web service, combining the functions of informing, counseling, promotion, training and prompt coordination was developed for the first time. Implementation of the proposed model is aimed at increasing the efficiency of using web technologies to intensify general population involvement in providing first aid.
About the Authors
E. A. Kosova
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
KOSOVA E.A., PhD, Associate Professor
Simferopol
K. I. Redkokosh
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
REDKOKOSH K.I.
Simferopol
A. A. Birkun
V.I. Vernadsky Crimean Federal University
Russian Federation
Russian Federation
BIRKUN A.A., DSc, Associate Professor
Simferopol
References
1. Tannvik TD, Bakke HK, Wisborg T. A systematic literature review on first aid provided by laypeople to trauma victims. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 2012; 56(10): 1222-7. doi: 10.1111/j.1399-6576.2012.02739.x.
2. Couper K, Abu Hassan A, Ohri V, Patterson E, Tang HT, Bingham R, Olasveengen T, Perkins GD; International Liaison Committee on Resuscitation Basic and Paediatric Life Support Task Force Collaborators. Removal of foreign body airway obstruction: A systematic review of interventions. Resuscitation. 2020; 156: 174-181. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2020.09.007.
3. Yan S, Gan Y, Jiang N, et al. The global survival rate among adult out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patients who received cardiopulmonary resuscitation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Crit Care. 2020; 24(1): 61. doi: 10.1186/s13054-020-2773-2.
4. Dezhurny LI, Gumenyuk SA, Zakirov RR, Maksimov DA, Trofimenko AV. First aid in the Russian Federation latest changes and near prospects. Kremlin Medicine Journal. 2019; 3: 15-22. (In Russ.) doi: 10.26269/4q8v-ym04.
5. Birkun AA, Frolova LP, Buglak GN, Olefirenko SS. Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest in the Republic of Crimea: Analysis of Epidemiology and Practice of Care. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal «Emergency Medical Care». 2020; 9(3): 338–347. (In Russ.) doi: 10.23934/2223-9022-2020-9-3-338-347.
6. Zhuravlev SV, Kolodkin AA, Maksimov DA, et al. The organization of registration of rate, capacity and effectiveness of first aid measures. The problems of social hygiene, public health and history of medicine. 2020; 28(4): 616-620. (In Russ.) doi: 10.32687/0869-866X-2020-28-4-616-620.
7. Kucherenko V, Garkavi A, Kavalersky M. First aid readiness in the population at a road traffic accident. Vrach. 2009; 12: 82. (In Russ.)
8. Dezhurny LI, Lysenko KI, Вaturin DI. The role of unprofessional emergency aid to a victim in avoiding untimely death in Russia. Social aspects of population health. 2011; 2(18): 21. (In Russ.)
9. Birkun AA, Kosova YA. Readiness of the Crimean population to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation in out-of-hospital cardiac arrest. Social aspects of population health. 2019; 65(1): 5. (In Russ.) doi: 10.21045/2071-5021-2019-65-1-5.
10. Bogdan IV, Gurylina MV, Chistyakova DP. Knowledge and practical experience of the population in providing first aid. Health care of the Russian Federation. 2020; 64(5): 253-257. (In Russ.) doi: 10.46563/0044-197X-2020-64-5-253-257.
11. Birkun AA, Kosova YA. Public Opinion on Community Basic Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Training: a Survey of Inhabitants of the Crimean Peninsula. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal «Emergency Medical Care». 2018; 7(4): 311-318. (In Russ.) doi: 10.23934/2223-9022-2018-7-4-311-318.
12. Dezhurny LI, Boyarintsev VV, Zakurdaeva AY. First aid in Russia — misconceptions and reality. Kremlin Medicine Journal. 2013; 2: 191-196. (In Russ.)
13. Semeraro F, Greif R, Böttiger BW, et al. European Resuscitation Council Guidelines 2021: Systems saving lives. Resuscitation. 2021 Apr; 161: 80-97. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.02.008.
14. Birkun AA, Samarin SA, Tupotilova AA. News as a Means of Popularization of First Aid Knowledge: Content Analysis of News Articles Related to Cases of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest in Schools and Kindergartens of Russia. Russian Sklifosovsky Journal «Emergency Medical Care». 2022; 11(4): 668-675. (In Russ.) doi: 10.23934/2223-9022-2022-11-4-668-675.
15. Statista. Number of internet users worldwide from 2005 to 2022. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/273018/number-of-internet-users-worldwide.
16. Statista. Number of smartphone subscriptions worldwide from 2016 to 2021, with forecasts from 2022 to 2027. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/330695/number-of-smartphoneusersworldwide.
17. Statista. Average daily time spent using the internet by online users worldwide as of 3rd quarter 2022, by region. Available at: https://www.statista.com/statistics/1258232/daily-time-spent-onlineworldwide.
18. Krogh LQ, Bjørnshave K, Vestergaard LD, et al. E-learning in pediatric basic life support: a randomized controlled non-inferiority study. Resuscitation. 2015; 90: 7-12. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2015.01.030.
19. Goolsby CA, Strauss-Riggs K, Klimczak V, et al. Brief, Web-based Education Improves Lay Rescuer Application of a Tourniquet to Control Life-threatening Bleeding. AEM Educ Train. 2018; 2(2): 154-161. doi: 10.1002/aet2.10093.
20. Han S, Park HJ, Nah S, et al. Instructor-led distance learning for training students in cardiopulmonary resuscitation: A randomized controlled study. PLoS One. 2021; 16(5): e0251277. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0251277.
21. Derkenne C, Jost D, Roquet F, et al. Mobile Smartphone Technology Is Associated With Out-of-hospital Cardiac Arrest Survival Improvement: The First Year «Greater Paris Fire Brigade» Experience. Acad Emerg Med. 2020; 27(10): 951-962. doi: 10.1111/acem.13987.
22. Smida T, Salerno J, Weiss L, Martin-Gill C, Salcido DD. PulsePoint dispatch associated patient characteristics and prehospital outcomes in a mid-sized metropolitan area. Resuscitation. 2022 Jan; 170: 36-43. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.11.007. Epub 2021 Nov 11. PMID: 34774964.
23. Cowley LE, Bennett CV, Brown I, Emond A, Kemp AM. Mixed-methods process evaluation of SafeTea: a multimedia campaign to prevent hot drink scalds in young children and promote burn first aid. Inj Prev. 2021; 27(5): 419-427. doi: 10.1136/injuryprev-2020-043909.
24. McGovern SK, Blewer AL, Murray A, Leary M, Abella BS, Merchant RM. Characterizing barriers to CPR training attainment using Twitter. Resuscitation. 2018; 127: 164-167. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2018.03.010.
25. ISO/IEC 24751-1:2008 Information technology — Individualized adaptability and accessibility in elearning, education and training — Part 1: Framework and reference model. Available at: https://www.iso.org/standard/41521.html.
26. López-Jornet P, Camacho-Alonso F. The quality of internet sites providing information relating to oral cancer. Oral Oncol. 2009; 45(9): e95-8. doi: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2009.03.017.
27. Starman JS, Gettys FK, Capo JA, Fleischli JE, Norton HJ, Karunakar MA. Quality and content of Internetbased information for ten common orthopaedic sports medicine diagnoses. J Bone Joint Surg Am. 2010; 92(7): 1612-8. doi: 10.2106/JBJS.I.00821.
28. Sajjadi NB, Shepard S, Ottwell R, Murray K, Chronister J, Hartwell M, Vassar M. Examining the Public’s Most Frequently Asked Questions Regarding COVID-19 Vaccines Using Search Engine Analytics in the United States: Observational Study. JMIR Infodemiology. 2021; 1(1): e28740. doi: 10.2196/28740.
29. Shen TS, Driscoll DA, Islam W, et al. Modern Internet Search Analytics and Total Joint Arthroplasty: What Are Patients Asking and Reading Online? The Journal of Arthroplasty. 2021; 36(4): 1224-1231. doi: 10.1016/j.arth.2020.10.024.
30. WAVE Web Accessibility Evaluation Tools. Available at: https://wave.webaim.org.
31. Kosova Y, Redkokosh K, Birkun A. Public web services on first aid: content analysis dataset. Mendeley Data. 2023; V2. doi: 10.17632/hvrvsp5nnr.2.
32. Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.1. Available at: https://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG21.
33. International First Aid, Resuscitation, and Education Guidelines 2020. Available at: https://www.ifrc.org/document/international-first-aid-resuscitation-and-education-guidelines.
34. Resuscitation Guidelines 2021. Available at: https://www.resus.org.uk/library/2021-resuscitation-guidelines.
35. First aid at work. The Health and Safety (First-Aid) Regulations 1981. Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/pubns/books/l74.htm.
36. Mental Health First Aid 2022 Policy Handbook. Available at: https://www.mentalhealthfirstaid.org/wp-content/uploads/2022/11/2022.10.24_NC-MHFA-Policy-Handbook.pdf.
37. Universal’nyj algoritm po okazaniju pervoj pomoshhi : utverzhden 23.11.2022 (In Russ.) Доступно по: http://allfirstaid.ru/system/files/Алгоритм%20оказания%20первой%20помощи_утв.%202022.11.23.pdf.
38. Prikaz Minzdravsocrazvitija Rossii ot 04.05.2012 №477n (red. ot 07.11.2012) «Ob utverzhdenii perechnja sostojanij, pri kotoryh okazyvaetsja pervaja pomoshh’, i perechnja meroprijatij po okazaniju pervoj pomoshhi» (In Russ.). Доступно по: https://docs.cntd.ru/document/902347094.
39. Pis’mo Ministra zdravoohranenija RF M. A. Murashko ot 19.10.2022. №16-1/I/2-17651 (In Russ.) Доступно по: http://allfirstaid.ru/system/files/umk/ПП%20МЗ.pdf.
40. Birkun A, Kosova Y. Limited accessibility of free online resuscitation education for people with disabilities. Am J Emerg Med. 2022; 56: 100-103. doi: 10.1016/j.ajem.2022.03.039.
41. Kalz M, Klerx J, Parra G, et al. EMuRgency: Addressing cardiac arrest with socio-technical innovation in a smart learning region. Interaction Design and Architectures Journal. 2013; 17: 77-91. doi: 10.55612/s-5002-017-006.
Review
For citations:
Kosova E.A., Redkokosh K.I., Birkun A.A. The concept of a multifunctional first aid service based on the content analysis of public web resources. Medical Doctor and Information Technologies. 2023;(2):42-57. (In Russ.) https://doi.org/10.25881/18110193_2023_2_42
Views:
18
Email this article 